Voltage regulating system



Dec. 23, 1952 H J. MCCREARY VOLTAGE REGULATING SYSTEM Filed May 19, 1950 f voLTs voLTs OUT Jlj |N rSi V l 2 siv INVENToR.

HAROLD J. MCCREARY ATTQRNEY Patented Dec. 23 1952 VOLTAGE REGULATING SYSTEM Harold J. McCreary, Lombard, Ill., assignor to Automatic Electric Laboratories, Inc., Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Delaware Application May 1'9, 1950, Serial No. 163,044

7 Claims. 1

This invention relates in general to magnetic voltage regulators, but is more particularly'concerned with a magnetic voltage regulator utilizing the magnetic cross valve.

An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic voltage regulator utilizing the magnetic cross valve.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic induction device in which the mutual induction between the voltage coil and a booster coil can be reversed or regulated in degree by saturation in order to produce the constant voltage output with a variable power supply to a constant load.

Another object of the present invention Yis to provide an electromagnetic device in which the saturation of two different magnetic materials on two different intersecting core elements is utilized to reverse the mutual induction of two coils placed thereon.

Other objects of the invention will appear upon a further perusal of the specification taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate several embodiments of the invention in the form of schematic circuit diagrams.

Fig. l is a diagrammatic representation of the magnetic cross valve structure.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the voltage regulator utilizing the magnetic cross valve in which a biasing flux is used.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the voltage regulator utilizing the magnetic cross valve in which the magnetic cross valve core is saturated by an alternating flux.

In the magnetic cross valve which is herein used, the windings on the cross Valve core are displaced by 90 so that there is substantially no mutual inductance between the respective windings. However, when a differential flux is produced in the core of the magnetic cross valve, a voltage is induced in one of the coils. In the present invention two ferromagnetic metals are used in which there is a different iiux density for the respective metals. The ferromagnetic metals herein used are Allegheny electric metal and silicon iron. The result of the magnetizing current in one cross winding would be that the Allegheny electric metal would first carry the flux and when it becomes saturated, the flux would then be carried by the silicon iron. This provides a reversing of the direction of flux with respect to the other cross winding.

Referring now to Fig. 1, this is an illustration of the magnetic cross valve herein used. The

2 v structure for the magnetic cross valve is shown in detail in Patent No. 2,455,078, issued November 30, 1948, to the present inventor. Two intersecting members 4 and 5 are made of two different ferromagnetic materials. For example, intersecting member 4 is composed of Allegheny electric metal, while the intersecting member 5 is composed of silicon iron. The center intersecting square, shown vin the center of the cross valve core at the intersection of members 4 and 5, is interlaced with the two ferromagnetic metals.

Referring now to Fig. 2, the magnetic cross valve 2 is the same as the aforementioned mag-- netic cross valve l. In the upper right hand corner of Fig. 2 is shown the alternating generator which supplies the input voltage. A primary winding 1 is wound through a pair of opposite diagonal corners of the intersecting members. The secondary winding 6 is Wound through the other pair of opposite diagonal corners of the intersecting member and is serially connected to the voltage output circuit. The voltage output circuit, which is shown in the upper left hand corner of Fig. 2 is therefore connected to the input circuit in series with winding saturating windings 8 and 9 are wound around the intersecting member 9 of the cross valve 2 and are serially connected to the bridge rectier at points opposite from which the voltage output circuit is connected. In more detail, let us assume that the voltage input' generator is operating at the normal load condition. At this time, current is flowing from the voltage input circuit to the voltage output circuit through the secondary winding 6. Concurrently, a direct current is fed to the saturating windings '8 and 9 over the following path: voltage input circuit, rectifier I I, saturating winding 9, saturating winding 8, rectifier i9 and back to the voltage output circuit. As a result thereof, a biasing flux is produced in the core of the magnetic cross valve. There is no Voltage variation in the voltage input generator when the system is at normal operating condition. Therefore, no voltage differential is induced in the secondary winding 6.

At the normal operating voltage, the flux density of the silicon iron metal is equalr to the 'flux density of the Allegheny yelectric metal. Therefore there is no flux differential in the core to induce a voltage in the secondary winding 6. The point of equal flux density is provided by the saturating windings 8 vand 9, which bias the'iiux to the desired operating point at normal input voltage. It is to be noted that at a voltage below the normal operating voltage, the permeability of the Allegheny electric metal is greater than the permeability of the silicon iron. Therefore, practically all the ux at this condition is flowing through the Allegheny electric metal. However, when the voltage is above the normal operating voltage, the Allegheny metal is saturated and therefore, the permeability of the silicon iron at this conditionisgreater than the permeability of the Allegheny metal. As a result thereof,`the additional flux flows through the silicon iron to produce the reversal of direction of the iiux.

The voltage induced in the secondary Vwinding 6 depends upon a flux differential in the magnetic core structure 2, which isproduced `by 'the different iiux densities of theintersecting members. At normal operating voltage, there is not any flux differential in the magneticcross'valvecore to induce a voltage in the secondary winding. When the generating voltage is below thenormal operating voltage, a flux differential is produced `'whicliinduces avoltage inthe secondary winding "bito-laid the voltage-generated. AWhen the gener- 'fatingvoltage is.` above V'the normal operating voltagef-aiiux 'differential is produced with-a refversal' of direction which induces avoltage in the secondary winding' to oppose the voltage `generated.

'Let usassume at this point that the voltage -input generatorl is producing a voltage above the normal condition. In a manner hereinbefore described,=a1biasing flux is produced by the `saturating windings `8 and' 9. The biasing flux produced bythe :saturating windings @and 9 is adequate to-saturate the horizontal intersecting .member composed of Allegheny `electric metal. When the input .voltage generated rises above the normal value, vadditionallux is Aproduced to increase the yiiux in lthe verticalr intersecting member composed offsllicontiron. As aresult thereof, a reversal voltage'is induced in the secondary winding 6 buckingthe current flow through the output voltage/circuit r-to'provide a constant voltage output.

Letfus assume atthis point that the voltage of-ithe voltage generator falls below the normal value andra :biasing-'flux vis produced by the -Malvesstructure' is the same as hereinbefore described in'referenceto Fig. l. An output Voltage generator is Vshown inthe upper right hand corner ',oiFig. 3. A primary winding is connected thereto and is wound through a pair of opposite diagonal corners of ,two intersecting members of the magnetic core 3. At right angles to the primary winding I3 is wound a secondary winding I2. vThe secondarylwinding is wound through the other Vpair of opposite diagonal corners iof .the intersecting Ymembers and is yserially connected to the output voltage circuit. The output voltage circuit isshown in the upper left hand corner of Fig. 3.

.It isntobe noted 4that the current. flow through V'the :primary winding I3Jis adeguate to partialhr output voltage rcircuit. Aunder `condition'of no iiux differential, there is ,legheny electric Ametal :intersect-ing member is saturated. This causes areversalof ux in the magnetic cross valve core. As a result thereof,

'a' reversed voltage is induced in the secondary winding I2.

The current ilow through the secondary winding I2 opposes the current flow through the ygenerato-r to provide the constant It is to be noted that no mutual finductance between the respective windings. However, when the magnetic cross valve-core becomes partially saturated, an alternating fiux producesa differential fiux in the :magnetic :cross `'valve core which induces .a voltage: inrthe :secondary winding. Theilux diiferential isproduced byjthe, permeabilityfof the `two intersecting members.

Let usassume that the generator. is operating below the-normal value. Thereupon'a current flows through the primary winding I3. As a' result thereof, yan aiding voltage is induced' in `the secondary `winding I2. The current flow through the secondary vwinding now aids the current vflow ofthe input generator to thereby `maintain ya constant voltage in the voltage output circuit. Since `the Allegheny electric metal intersecting member is partially saturated, the iiux Vproduced by thexcurrent .flow vof the lprimary winding I3 provides a diiferentialflux in the magnetic cross valve core which is adequate toinduce` a ivoltage in fthe secondary winding I2. The flux differential is produced by the difference of .permeability of the two intersecting members. It `islto be ncted'that under this condition there is no reversal of flux thrcnigh` the silicon iron intersecting member. Therefore, the current flow in the secondary winding I .2` is aiding.

Although I'have `described my invention with a certain degree of particularity, it should be vunderstood that the present disclosure has been made only by Wayof `example and that numerous changes in the ydetails of the construction and arrangement of parts'may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention as hereinafter claimed.

I'claim:

1. In a voltage regulator, Aa magnetic core structure having two intersecting members, a primary winding wound throughV a pair of opposite diagonal cornersof the intersection,asource of current connected to Vsaid primary winding, an'cutput .circuit connected to said source of current, anda secondary winding wound through the other pair of diagonal corners of said intersection and serially connected'to said output circuit whereby any fluctuation in said source of current would produce a voltage in said secondary winding to provide a constant output voltage in said output circuit.

2. In a voltage regulator, a magnetic core structure having two intersecting members, a primary winding wound through a pair of opposite diagonal corners of the intersection, a source of current connected to said primary winding, an output circuit connected to said source of current, and a secondary winding encompassing said magnetic core substantially at right angles to said primary winding so that there is .substantially no mutual induction between the windings unless a degree of saturation is reached and thereupon any variation in said source of current will provide a differential ux in said magnetic core to induce in said secondary winding a voltage to provide a constant voltage output in said output circuit.

3. A voltage regulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said two intersecting members have different fluX densities within a certain degree of magnetization for providing a diierential ux path.

4. A voltage regulator as claimed in claim 2 wherein said two intersecting members are composed of two different types of ferromagnetic material.

5. In a voltage regulator, a magnetic core structure having two intersecting members, a primary winding wound through a pair of opposite diagonal corners of the intersection, :a source of current connected to said primary winding, an output circuit connected to said source of current, a saturating winding wound around one of said intersecting members to provide a biasing Ilux in said magnetic core, a rectifier interconnecting said output circuit and said saturating winding to provide a direct current for said saturating winding, and a secondary winding wound through the other pair of opposite corners of said intersection and serially connected to said output circuit whereby a variation in said source of current would produce a voltage in said secondary winding to provide a constant voltage in said output circuit.

6. In a voltage regulator, a magnetic core structure having two intersecting members, a primary winding wound through a pair of opposite diagonal corners of the intersection, a source of current connected to said primary winding, an output circuit connected to said source of current,

means for providing a biasing ilux in said magnetic core, and a secondary winding wound through the other pair of opposite corners of said intersection and serially 4connected to said output circuit whereby a variation in said source of current would produce a ldifferential flux in said magnetic core to induce a voltage in said secondary winding to provide a constant voltage in said output circuit.

7. In a, voltage regulator, a magnetic core structure having two intersecting members, a primary winding wound through a pair of opposite diagonal corners of the intersection, a source of current connected to said primary winding, an output circuit connected to said source of current, means for providing a biasing flux in said magnetic core, and a secondary winding wound around said core so as to be substantially at right angles to said primary winding so as to have no mutual inductance between the windings unless a degree of saturation is produced by said biasing ux, and said secondary winding serially connected to said output circuit whereby any variation in said source of current would produce a ux differential in said core to induce a voltage in said secondary winding t0 provide a constant voltage in said output circuit.

HAROLD J. MCCREARY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,862,212 Dowling June 7, 1932 1,996,041 Emmerling Mar. 26, 1935 2,358,394 Haug Sept. 19, 1944 2,455,078 McCreary Nov. 30, 1948 2,461,992 McCreary Feb. l5, 1949 

